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One of the most promising strategies recommended for increasing energy security and for mitigating transportation sector emissions is to support alternative fuel technologies, including electric vehicles. However, there is a considerable amount of uncertainty regarding the market penetration of electric vehicles that must be accounted for in order to achieve the current market share goals. This paper...
A scheme of the DME-diesel dual-fuel PCCI (premixed charge compression ignition) combustion is an attractive option of relatively high thermal efficiency, low emission and operating costs as well as availability of wide DME (dimethyl ether) resource. However, one of the main problems in the DME-diesel dual-fuel PCCI operation is that an early start of combustion easily leads to detonation due to high...
Global demand for heating accounts for more than 50% of primary energy consumption. Thermal energy for such purposes is produced mainly by natural gas, electricity, biomass, geothermal, and solar thermal technologies. Solar energy is an abundant, but low density, resource which can be harvested with little environmental impacts. In order to achieve outputs suitable for commercial and industrial applications,...
Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) is one of the major technical measures used on diesel engines to restrain NOx emission. Intake oxygen concentration has been proved to be the more substantial parameter to control NOx than EGR rate. However, the mechanism is hard to be utilized due to the difficulty of acquiring the real-time intake oxygen concentration. In the present study, a novel lambda-based intake...
Mechanism of CWS (coal water slurry) electrolysis was investigated by using anode reaction kinetics. The results indicated that the activation energies of electrode reaction reduce with the increase in activity of carbon materials. According to the electrode reaction kinetics, the direct oxidation of CWS electrolysis occurred easily under lower concentration of electrolyte and higher concentration...
The authors present a non-linear, optimization model supporting the planning of local energy systems development. The model considers two forms of final energy – heat and electricity. The model reflects both private and external costs and is designed to show the social perspective. It considers the variability of the marginal costs attributed to local renewable resources. In order to demonstrate the...
A microporous membrane is used in combination with rectangular microchannels in the absorber of an absorption chiller with the aim of reducing the size of this cooling technology. The simulation of the heat and mass transfer between the solution and the vapour phase in a H2O–LiBr absorber using porous fibres is considered. Heat and mass transfer processes are modelled by means of selected correlations...
UHI (Urban Heat Island) has become a serious concern within major cities due to the increased threat of climate change over time. As UHI intensifies, the energy consumed in urban areas increases through an increase in the cooling demand, and restricts the overall comfort and quality of life in urban regions. UHI mitigation approaches have been widely studied over the past few decades. However, the...
This study aims to explore the factors affecting public acceptance of CCS (carbon capture and storage) technologies in China. A survey based on online questionnaires and face-to-face interviews was conducted between September and December 2014. Findings show that, in China the public is still not fully aware of CCS technologies, compared with other renewable energy technologies, and indicates a slightly...
The analysis of the degradation of thin-film single junction a-Si PV (photovoltaic) modules and its impact on the output power of a PV array under outdoor long term exposure located in Jaén (Spain), a relatively dry and sunny inland site with a Continental-Mediterranean climate is addressed in this paper. Furthermore, a new procedure of solar cell model parameters extraction experimentally validated...
Battery electric buses can reduce energy use and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in China's transportation system. On-road testing is necessary to evaluate these benefits compared to their diesel counterparts through life-cycle assessment for both the upstream fuel production and operation stages. Three electric buses from China are operated and charged in Macao under different air-conditioning, load,...
Biofuel is considered a promising alternative to traditional liquid transportation fuels. The large-scale substitution of biofuel can greatly enhance global energy security and mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. One major concern of the broad adoption of biofuel is the intensive energy consumption in biofuel manufacturing. This paper focuses on the energy efficiency improvement of biofuel feedstock...
The mechanical behavior of a bimorph piezoelectric micro cantilever exposed to harmonic base excitation is investigated. The governing motion equation coupled with the equation of the output electrical circuit is discretized using Galerkin method and numerically integrated over the time. Two different types of output circuits including parallel and series connections are examined and the most effective...
As part of a two-part life cycle efficiency and greenhouse gas emission analysis for various automotive fuels in the Indian context, this paper presents the first part, i.e., Tank-to-Wheel analysis of various fuel/powertrain configurations for a subcompact passenger car. The Tank-to-Wheel analysis was applied to 28 fuel/powertrain configurations using fuels such as gasoline, diesel, compressed natural...
We investigate the impacts of including aviation into European Union Emission Trading Scheme on airline efficiency since 2008. Airline efficiency is divided into three stages: Operations Stage, Services Stage and Sales Stage, and Greenhouse Gases Emission is treated as an undesirable output of Services Stage. Two models, Network Slacks-Based Measure with weak disposability and Network Slacks-Based...
CO2 (Carbon dioxide) dilution is a feasible way for controlling NOx (Nitrogen oxides) emissions and loads of the internal combustion engines. This paper investigated the effect of CO2 dilution on the combustion and emissions characteristics of a hydrogen-enriched gasoline engine. The experiment was conducted on a 1.6 L spark-ignition engine with electronically controlled hydrogen and gasoline injection...
A two-dimensional along-the-channel CFD (computational fluid dynamic) model, coupled with a two-phase flow model of liquid water and gas transport for a PEM (proton exchange membrane) fuel cell is described. The model considers non-isothermal operation and thus the non-uniform temperature distribution in the cell structure. Water phase-transfer between the vapour, liquid water and dissolved phase...
Boron and nitrogen were successfully co-doped into graphene (Gr) nanosheets to which Pt nanoparticles with ∼3.7 nm are uniformly deposited on BCN-Gr. Pt content on BCN-Gr is estimated to be 50 wt.% by TG/DTA analysis. Pt-BCN-Gr is intercalated by different amount of CB (carbon black), and it is designated as Pt-BCN-Gr/CBx (x = 0.0, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 and 0.6). The membrane electrode assembly is fabricated...
The present study examines the phase behavior of a model binary system made of OPO (1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoyl glycerol); a TAG (triacylglycerol) highly effective in depressing onset of crystallization of biodiesel, and MeS (methyl stearate); a prevalent saturated FAMEs (fatty acid methyl esters) in biodiesel. The thermal behavior, crystal structure and microstructure of the OPO/MeS mixtures were investigated...
In this paper, a semi-empirical Lithium-iron phosphate-graphite battery aging model is identified over data mimicking actual cycling conditions that a hybrid electric vehicle battery encounters under real driving scenarios. The aging model is then used to construct the severity factor map, used to characterize relative aging of the battery under different operating conditions. This is used as a battery...
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